/*
 * Creator: Nighthawk Coding Society
 * Mini Lab Name: Fibonacci sequence, featuring a Stream Algorithm
 * 
 */

import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

/* Objective will require changing to abstract class with one or more abstract methods below */
public class Fibo {
    String name;  // name or title of method
    int size;  // nth sequence
    int hashID;  // counter for hashIDs in hash map
    ArrayList<Long> list;   // captures current Fibonacci sequence
    HashMap<Integer, Object> hash;  // captures each sequence leading to final result

    /*
     Zero parameter constructor uses Telescoping technique to allow setting of the required value nth
     @param: none
     */
    public Fibo() {
        this(10); // telescope to avoid code duplication, using default as 20
    }

    /*
     Construct the nth fibonacci number
     @param: nth number, the value is constrained to 92 because of overflow in a long
     */
    public Fibo(int nth) {
        this.size = nth;
        this.list = new ArrayList<>();
        this.hashID = 0;
        this.hash = new HashMap<>();
        //initialize fibonacci and time mvc
        this.init();
    }

    /*
     This Method should be "abstract"
     Leave method as protected, as it is only authorized to extender of the class
     Make new class that extends and defines init()
     Inside references within this class would change from this to super
     Repeat process using for, while, recursion
     */
    protected void init() {
        this.name = "Stream";
        Stream.iterate(new long[]{0, 1}, f -> new long[]{f[1], f[0] + f[1]})
            .limit(this.size)
            .forEach(f -> this.setData(f[0]) );
    }

    /*
     Number is added to fibonacci sequence, current state of "list" is added to hash for hashID "num"
     */
    public void setData(long num) {
        list.add(num);
        hash.put(this.hashID++, list.clone());
    }

    /*
     Custom Getter to return last element in fibonacci sequence
     */
    public long getNth() {
        return list.get(this.size - 1);
    }

    /*
     Custom Getter to return last fibonacci sequence in HashMap
     */
    public Object getNthSeq(int i) {
        return hash.get(i);
    }

    /*
     Console/Terminal supported print method
     */
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("Init method = " + this.name);
        System.out.println("fibonacci Number " + this.size + " = " + this.getNth());
        System.out.println("fibonacci List = " + this.list);
        for (int i=0 ; i<this.size; i++ ) {
            System.out.println("fibonacci Sequence " + (i+1) + " = " + this.getNthSeq(i));
        }
    }

    /*
    Tester class method.  If this becomes abstract you will not be able to test it directly ...
    Change this method to  call "main" class of each of the extended classes
     */
    static public void main(String[] args) {
        Fibo fib = new Fibo();
        fib.print();
    }
}
Fibo.main(null);
Init method = Stream
fibonacci Number 10 = 34
fibonacci List = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]
fibonacci Sequence 1 = [0]
fibonacci Sequence 2 = [0, 1]
fibonacci Sequence 3 = [0, 1, 1]
fibonacci Sequence 4 = [0, 1, 1, 2]
fibonacci Sequence 5 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3]
fibonacci Sequence 6 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5]
fibonacci Sequence 7 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
fibonacci Sequence 8 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
fibonacci Sequence 9 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21]
fibonacci Sequence 10 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

For Loop

while i is less than the n (term number), continuously add last two numbers together. the original first number is replaced by the second and the sum is used as the second term.

public class FibonacciFor extends Fibo {
    public FibonacciFor() {
        this(10); 
    }

    public FibonacciFor(int nth) {
        this.size = nth;
        this.list = new ArrayList<>();
        //initialize fibonacci and time mvc
        this.init();
    }

    protected void init(){
        this.name = "For Loop";
        this.setData(0);
        this.setData(1);
        for(int i = 2; i <= this.size; ++i){
            this.setData(this.list.get(i-2)+this.list.get(i-1));
        }
    }

    static public void main(String[] args) {
        FibonacciFor fib = new FibonacciFor();
        fib.print();
    }
}
FibonacciFor.main(null);
Init method = For Loop
fibonacci Number 10 = 34
fibonacci List = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]
fibonacci Sequence 1 = [0]
fibonacci Sequence 2 = [0, 1]
fibonacci Sequence 3 = [0, 1, 1]
fibonacci Sequence 4 = [0, 1, 1, 2]
fibonacci Sequence 5 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3]
fibonacci Sequence 6 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5]
fibonacci Sequence 7 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
fibonacci Sequence 8 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
fibonacci Sequence 9 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21]
fibonacci Sequence 10 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

While Loop

very similar to for loop. same parameters except continuous adding not specified in parameter.

public class FibonacciWhile extends Fibo {
    public FibonacciWhile() {
        this(10); 
    }

    public FibonacciWhile(int nth) {
        this.size = nth;
        this.list = new ArrayList<>();
        //initialize fibonacci and time mvc
        this.init();
    }

    protected void init(){
        this.name = "While Loop";
        this.setData(0);
        this.setData(1);
        int i = 2;
        while(i <= this.size){
            this.setData(this.list.get(i-2)+this.list.get(i-1));
            i++;
        }
    }

    static public void main(String[] args) {
        FibonacciWhile fib = new FibonacciWhile();
        fib.print();
    }
}
FibonacciWhile.main(null);
Init method = While Loop
fibonacci Number 10 = 34
fibonacci List = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]
fibonacci Sequence 1 = [0]
fibonacci Sequence 2 = [0, 1]
fibonacci Sequence 3 = [0, 1, 1]
fibonacci Sequence 4 = [0, 1, 1, 2]
fibonacci Sequence 5 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3]
fibonacci Sequence 6 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5]
fibonacci Sequence 7 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
fibonacci Sequence 8 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
fibonacci Sequence 9 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21]
fibonacci Sequence 10 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

Recursion

the method calls itself. this method works the fastest since there is not loop repeating multiple times.

public class FibonacciRecursion extends Fibo {
    public FibonacciRecursion() {
        this(10); 
    }

    public FibonacciRecursion(int nth) {
        this.size = nth;
        this.list = new ArrayList<>();
        //initialize fibonacci and time mvc
        this.init();
    }


    protected void init(){
        this.name = "Recursion";
        for(int n = 0; n < this.size; n++){
            this.setData(this.calc(n));
        }
    }

    public int calc(int n) {
        if (n < 2) {
            return n;
        }
        return this.calc(n-2) + this.calc(n-1);
    }

    static public void main(String[] args) {
        FibonacciRecursion fib = new FibonacciRecursion();
        fib.print();
    }
}
FibonacciRecursion.main(null);
Init method = Recursion
fibonacci Number 10 = 34
fibonacci List = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]
fibonacci Sequence 1 = [0]
fibonacci Sequence 2 = [0, 1]
fibonacci Sequence 3 = [0, 1, 1]
fibonacci Sequence 4 = [0, 1, 1, 2]
fibonacci Sequence 5 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3]
fibonacci Sequence 6 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5]
fibonacci Sequence 7 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
fibonacci Sequence 8 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
fibonacci Sequence 9 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21]
fibonacci Sequence 10 = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]